单词“speech”在自考英语专升本考试中属于高频核心词汇,其含义灵活,用法多样。首先,它的最基本含义是“说话的能力”或“言语”,强调人类区别于其他生物的语言机能。例如:“Speech is one of the most important abilities that distinguish humans from animals.”(言语是人类区别于动物的最重要能力之一。)此时,speech是不可数名词,通常不与不定冠词“a”连用,也没有复数形式。
其次,speech可以指“说话的方式、口音或语调”,此时同样为不可数名词。比如:“Her speech was slow and deliberate.”(她说话缓慢而谨慎。)或者:“His speech reveals his southern background.”(他的口音暴露了他的南方背景。)在此类用法中,常与形容词连用,描述一个人的语言特征。
第三,也是考试中最为常见的用法,speech作为可数名词,意为“演讲、发言或讲话”。例如:“The president delivered a moving speech at the graduation ceremony.”(校长在毕业典礼上发表了一场感人的演讲。)此时,speech可以加冠词“a”,也可以有复数形式“speeches”,如:“He has written many famous speeches for political leaders.”(他为政治领袖撰写过许多著名演讲稿。)
此外,speech还可以引申为“台词”或“长篇大论”,尤其在戏剧或文学语境中。例如:“The actor forgot his speech during the performance.”(那位演员在表演中忘了台词。)又如:“Don't give me a speech about responsibility again.”(别再给我来一通关于责任的长篇大论了。)
1. **make/deliver/give a speech**:发表演讲。这是最经典的搭配,考试中常考“make a speech”与“give a speech”的互换。例如:“The CEO made a speech about the company’s future plans.”(首席执行官就公司未来计划发表了演讲。)
2. **a speech on/about**:关于……的演讲。介词on和about都可以使用,但on更正式。例如:“He gave a speech on environmental protection.”(他就环境保护发表了演讲。)
3. **free speech**:言论自由,为固定名词短语。例如:“The right to free speech is protected by law.”(言论自由权受法律保护。)
4. **figure of speech**:修辞手法、比喻说法。例如:““It's raining cats and dogs” is a figure of speech.”(“天上下猫下狗”是一种修辞手法。)
5. **reported/indirect speech**:间接引语。在语法题中经常出现,与“direct speech”(直接引语)对应。例如:“She changed the direct speech into reported speech.”(她把直接引语改为间接引语。)
6. **speech impediment/disorder**:语言障碍/失调。例如:“The child has a speech impediment and needs therapy.”(那个孩子有语言障碍,需要治疗。)
**三、同义词与近义词辨析**
考试中常要求考生区分speech与类似词汇的细微差别:
- **speech vs. address**:address比speech更正式,通常指在重要场合发表的经过精心准备的讲话,如“inaugural address”(就职演说)。speech则适用范围更广,可指任何形式的口头发言。
- **speech vs. lecture**:lecture特指学术性的讲座或讲课,强调知识的传授;speech则可能用于日常、政治或商务场合。
- **speech vs. talk**:talk更口语化,指非正式的交谈或小型演讲;speech则相对正式。例如:“She gave a short talk on her travel experiences.”(她就自己的旅行经历做了一个简短谈话。)而“speech”则可能像:“The politician gave a formal speech to the nation.”(那位政治家向全国发表了正式讲话。)
- **speech vs. remark**:remark指简短的评论或话语,往往不是完整的演讲。例如:“His opening remarks were brief but powerful.”(他的开场白简短但有力。)
**四、考试例句精讲**
以下例句摘自历年真题或经典模拟题,帮助考生熟悉speech的考试语境:
- 例句1:The professor’s speech was so inspiring that the audience stood up and applauded for several minutes.(教授的演讲如此鼓舞人心,以至于听众起立鼓掌数分钟。)—— 本题考查speech作为可数名词与形容词inspiring的搭配。
- 例句2:In the debate, each candidate was given ten minutes to deliver a speech.(在辩论中,每位候选人被给予十分钟发表演讲。)—— 考查“deliver a speech”这一动宾短语。
- 例句3:Freedom of speech is a fundamental right in many democratic countries.(言论自由是许多民主国家的基本权利。)—— 考查固定短语“freedom of speech”。
- 例句4:She has a slight speech impediment, but it doesn't affect her confidence when giving speeches.(她有一点语言障碍,但这并不影响她发表演讲时的自信。)—— 同时考查“speech impediment”和“give speeches”两个搭配。
- 例句5:The teacher asked the students to change the sentences from direct speech to reported speech.(老师要求学生把句子从直接引语改为间接引语。)—— 语法语境中的专业用法。
**五、专项试题与解析**
为了巩固理解,我们设置了以下三种类型的题目:
**(一)词汇选择**
题目:The president will ______ a speech at the opening ceremony tomorrow.
A. take
B. make
C. do
D. have
解析:正确答案为B。“make a speech”是固定搭配,意为“发表演讲”。其他选项虽可与speech连用,但“take a speech”不常用,“do a speech”属非标准用法,“have a speech”表示“有演讲”,但不表示主动发表。因此选B。
**(二)完形填空**
题干:The young man was very nervous before his first public _____. However, after taking a deep breath, he began to speak clearly and confidently.
A. talk
B. conversation
C. speech
D. dialogue
- 易错点一:混淆speech的可数和不可数形式。当表示“演讲”时,它是可数名词,可以说“a speech”或“speeches”;当表示“言语能力”或“说话方式”时,是不可数名词,不能加a。例如,“He lost his speech after the accident”正确,而“He lost a speech”错误。
- 易错点二:动词搭配错误。常见错误是使用“say a speech”或“tell a speech”,正确搭配应为“make/deliver/give a speech”。
- 易错点三:介词混淆。注意“speech about”和“speech on”略有区别:on更正式,about更口语化,但在考试中两者基本可互换。但“speech to”表示听众方向,如“speech to the audience”。
- 高频考点:在语法选择题中,常考speech与间接引语的转换;在阅读题中,speech常出现在人物观点或公共事件语境中;在写作中,常用“deliver a speech”作为固定句型。
- 场景造句:每天用speech的不同含义造一个句子。例如:1. “Her speech is very clear.”(说话方式)2. “He gave a powerful political speech.”(演讲)3. “Free speech should not be abused.”(言论自由)
- 拓展练习:尝试将以下中文句子翻译成英文,并注意使用speech的正确形式:
1. 他的演讲引发了激烈的辩论。(His speech sparked a heated debate.)
2. 言论自由不是绝对的。(Freedom of speech is not absolute.)
3. 那位教授关于人工智能的讲座其实是一场精彩的演讲。(The professor’s lecture on artificial intelligence was actually a brilliant speech.)
您对“speech”作为不可数名词(言语能力、说话方式)与可数名词(演讲、发言)的区分非常到位。这在考试中确实是高频考点。建议在教学中进一步强调:当“speech”指“言语能力”时,常与“loss of speech”(失语)、“speech therapy”(言语治疗)等固定搭配出现;而指“演讲”时,需注意其与“address”的正式程度差异——后者常用于就职、开幕等重大场合。
二、关于固定搭配的教学重点
您列举的“make/deliver/give a speech”是核心搭配,但需提醒学生注意:在正式写作中,“deliver a speech”比“make a speech”更为书面化;“give a speech”则介于口语与书面语之间。此外,“free speech”与“figure of speech”属于高频固定短语,建议在完形填空专项训练中反复出现,以强化记忆。
三、关于同义词辨析的深化
您对“speech”与“lecture”“talk”的辨析十分实用。我建议补充一点:在学术语境中,“lecture”通常指有课件、有板书的教学活动,而“speech”则更强调口才与感染力。例如,“The professor gave a lecture on linguistics”与“The professor delivered a speech at the conference”在语体上存在明显差异。